28As regards the question whether that remuneration must necessarily be provided by the recipient of the service himself, it should be noted that such a condition is expressly excluded by recital 18 in the preamble to Directive 2000/31, in the light of which Article 2(a) of Directive 2000/31 must be interpreted, which states that information society services extend, in so far as they represent an economic activity, to services ‘which are not remunerated by those who receive them, such as those offering on-line information or commercial communications’.
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