43In order to rule on the present action, it should be recalled that the provisions of a directive must be implemented with unquestionable binding force and with the specificity, precision and clarity necessary to satisfy the requirements of legal certainty (judgment in Dillenkofer and Others, C‑178/94, C‑179/94, C‑188/94, C‑189/94 and C‑190/94, EU:C:1996:375, paragraph 48 and the case-law cited).
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