34In this regard, it should be borne in mind that the concept of ‘implementing Union law’, as referred to in Article 51 of the Charter, presupposes a degree of connection between the measure of EU law and the national measure at issue which goes beyond the matters covered being closely related or one of those matters having an indirect impact on the other (see, to that effect, the judgments delivered prior to the entry into force of the Charter in Case 149/77 Defrenne EU:C:1978:130, paragraphs 29 to 32; Case C‑299/95 Kremzow EU:C:1997:254, paragraphs 16 and 17; Case C‑144/04 Mangold EU:C:2005:709, paragraph 75; and Siragusa EU:C:2014:126, paragraph 24).
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