51Such a differentiated approach is, moreover, supported by Article 4(1) of Directive 98/27 and Article 4(1) of Directive 2009/22, under which it is the courts of the Member State where the defendant is established or has its address which have jurisdiction to hear actions for an injunction brought by consumer protection associations from other Member States in the event of an intra-EU infringement of European Union consumer protection legislation.
Source: EUR-Lex, © European Union, 1998-2026. Reuse authorised under Decision 2011/833/EU.