84In that context, it should be recalled that ‘deterrence’ is one of the factors to be taken into account in calculating the amount of the fine. It is settled case-law that the fines imposed for infringements of Article 81 EC, as laid down in Article 23(2) of Regulation No 1/2003, are designed to penalise the unlawful acts of the undertakings concerned and to deter both the undertakings in question and other economic operators from infringing, in future, the rules of European Union competition law. In that regard, the link between, on the one hand, undertakings’ size and overall resources and, on the other, the need to ensure that a fine has deterrent effect cannot be denied (the judgments in Showa Denko v Commission, C‑289/04 P, EU:C:2006:431, paragraph 16, and Lafarge v Commission, C‑413/08 P, EU:C:2010:346, paragraph 102).
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