36This is so where the practices in question form part of an operator’s commercial strategy and are directly connected with the promotion and sale of its products or services, in which case they do indeed constitute commercial practices within the meaning of Article 2(d) of Directive 2005/29 and, consequently, fall within its scope (see Joined Cases C-261/07 and C-299/07 VTB-VAB and Galatea [2009] ECR I-2949, paragraph 50, and Plus Warenhandelsgesellschaft, paragraph 37).
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