18Furthermore, according to settled case-law, the concept of ‘civil and commercial matters’ for the purposes of Article 1 of Regulation No 44/2001 must be regarded as an autonomous concept to be interpreted by reference, first, to the objectives and scheme of that regulation and, second, to the general principles which stem from the corpus of the national legal systems. As a particular consequence, the scope of Regulation No 44/2001 must be determined essentially in the light of the legal relationships between the parties to the action or the subject-matter of the action (see, to that effect, Case C-343/04 ČEZ [2006] ECR I-4557, paragraph 22, and Case C-420/07 Apostolides [2009] ECR I-3571, paragraphs 41 and 42 and the case-law cited).
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