66The principle that penalties must have a proper legal basis requires that any penalty, even of a non-criminal nature, cannot be imposed unless it rests on a clear and unambiguous legal basis (Case 117/83 Könecke [1984] ECR 3291, paragraph 11, and Case C-210/00 Käserei Champignon Hofmeister [2002] ECR I-6453, paragraph 52).
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