33The Court has thus held that, although certain actions between a public authority and a person governed by private law may come within the scope of Regulation No 44/2001, it is otherwise where the public authority is acting in the exercise of its public powers (see, inter alia, to that effect Case C-420/07 Apostolides [2009] ECR I-3571, paragraph 43 and the case-law cited, and Case C-154/11 Mahamdia [2012] ECR, paragraph 56).
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