38Moreover, the bringing of an action against a European Union measure prior to its publication, provided that that measure has been adopted, does not jeopardise the objective of a time-limit for bringing proceedings, which, according to settled case‑law, is to protect legal certainty by ensuring that European Union measures which produce legal effects may not indefinitely be called into question (see Case C-241/01 National Farmers’ Union [2002] ECR I-9079, paragraph 34, and Joined Cases C‑478/11 P to C‑482/11 P Gbagbo and Others v Council [2013] ECR, paragraph 62).
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