59It is important to note that, in the fields covered by European Union law, including that of electronic communications services, the public authorities of the Member States are bound by a duty of sincere cooperation. Under that principle, they must take any appropriate measure, general or particular, to ensure fulfilment of the obligations arising out of the Treaties or resulting from the acts of the institutions of the European Union and refrain from any measure which could jeopardise the attainment of the European Union’s objectives (see, to that effect, inter alia, Case 85/85 Commission v Belgium [1986] ECR 1149, paragraph 22; Case C-344/01 Germany v Commission [2004] ECR I-2081, paragraph 79; and Case C-61/11 PPU El Dridi [2011] ECR I-3015, paragraph 56).
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