25In that context, the scope of Directive 2000/78 must be understood, in the light of Article 3(1)(c) and (3) of the directive read in conjunction with recital 13 in the preamble to the directive, as excluding social security or social protection schemes, the benefits of which are not equivalent to ‘pay’ within the meaning given to that term for the application of Article 157(2) TFEU, and payments of any kind made by the State with the aim of providing access to employment or maintaining employment (Case C-267/06 Maruko [2008] ECR I-1757, paragraph 41, and Case C-147/08 Römer [2011] ECR I-3591, paragraph 32).
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