28Article 3(1) of the First Directive, read in the light of the later directives, accordingly requires each Member State to ensure, subject to the derogations allowed under Article 4 of that directive, that every owner or keeper of a vehicle normally based in its territory takes out a policy with an insurance company for the purpose of covering, at least up to the limits established by European Union law, his civil liability arising as a result of that vehicle.
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