40Consumer protection concerns underpin the provisions of Directives 2003/54 and 2003/55 (see, to that effect, Enel Produzione, C‑242/10, EU:C:2011:861, paragraphs 39, 54 and 56). Those concerns are closely linked both to the liberalisation of the markets in question and to the objective, also pursued by those directives, of ensuring a stable electricity and gas supply (see, to that effect, Essent and Others, C‑105/12 to C‑107/12, EU:C:2013:677, paragraphs 59 to 65).
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