35Accordingly, it is the Court’s established case-law that the freedom to provide services conferred by Article 56 TFEU on Member State nationals, and thus on European Union citizens, includes ‘passive’ freedom to provide services, namely the freedom for recipients of services to go to another Member State in order to receive a service there, without being hindered by restrictions (Luisi and Carbone, paragraph 16; Case 186/87 Cowan [1989] ECR 195, paragraph 15; Bickel and Franz, paragraph 15; Case C-348/96 Calfa [1999] ECR I-11, paragraph 16; and Case C-215/03 Oulane [2005] ECR I-1215, paragraph 37).
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