50The Commission’s power to impose the penalty on one or the other of the entities — parent company and subsidiary — that form an undertaking which has infringed Article 101 TFEU or Article 53 of the EEA Agreement clearly follows from the joint and several nature of their liability, noted in the case-law cited at paragraph 45 above (see also, to that effect, Case C-195/99 PAristrain v Commission [2003] ECR I-11005, paragraph 99 in fine, and Dansk Rørindustri and Others v Commission, paragraph 33 above, paragraph 118 in fine).