48The fact that the concept of an undertaking applies to potentially different ways of carrying out an economic activity, since, according to the case-law, an undertaking in EU competition law includes any entity carrying out an economic activity, irrespective of its legal status and the way in which it is funded, and that the concept of an undertaking, in that context, must be understood as designating an economic unit even if in law that economic unit consists of several persons, natural or legal (see Case C-98/07 PAkzo Nobel and Others v Commission, paragraph 41 above, paragraphs 54 and 55and the case-law cited), does not alter the fact that the concept of an undertaking, as an economic unit, is perfectly identified and foreseeable in the case of relations between parent companies and their wholly-owned subsidiaries.