20In order to answer that question, it should first be borne in mind that the right to a refund of charges levied in a Member State in breach of the rules of EU law is the consequence and complement of the rights conferred on individuals by the provisions of EU law prohibiting such charges. The Member State is therefore required in principle to repay charges levied in breach of EU law (see Case 199/82 San Giorgio [1983] ECR 3595, paragraph 12; Case C-264/08 Direct Parcel Distribution Belgium [2010] ECR I-731, paragraph 45; and Case C-398/09 Lady & Kid and Others, [2011] ECR I-7375, paragraph 17).
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