2Three directives were adopted in 2001 by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union with a view to revitalising rail transport by gradually opening it up to competition at European level, namely Directive 2001/12, Directive 2001/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2001 amending Council Directive 95/18/EC on the licensing of railway undertakings (OJ 2001 L 75, p. 26) and Directive 2001/14 (together ‘the first railway package’).
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