21It is also undisputed that the Framework Decision, based on Articles 31 EU and 34 EU, is one of the acts referred to in Article 35(1) EU on which the Court may rule in a reference for a preliminary ruling and it is accepted that the judge in charge of preliminary investigations, acting in proceedings such as those in the main action, must be regarded as a court or tribunal of a Member State for the purposes of Article 35 EU (see, inter alia, Case C-467/05Dell’Orto [2007] ECR I-5557, paragraph 35).