71Second, in any event, it follows from established case-law that, during the period prescribed for transposition of a directive, the Member States to which it is addressed must refrain from taking any measures liable seriously to compromise the attainment of the result prescribed by that directive (Case C-129/96 Inter-Environnement Wallonie [1997] ECR I-7411, paragraph 45; Case C-14/02 ATRAL [2003] ECR I-4431, paragraph 58; and Case C-144/04 Mangold [2005] ECR I-9981, paragraph 67).
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