88In that regard, it should be borne in mind – as the General Court indicated in substance in paragraphs 97, 152, 167 and 186 of the judgment under appeal and as follows, moreover, from paragraphs 53 to 55 above – that, where a parent company and its subsidiary form part of a single ‘undertaking’ for the purposes of Article 101 TFEU, the factor which entitles the Commission to address the decision imposing fines to the parent company is not necessarily a parent-subsidiary relationship in which the parent company instigates the infringement; nor, a fortiori, is it because of the parent company’s involvement in the infringement; rather, it is because the companies concerned constitute a single undertaking for the purposes of Article 101 TFEU.