22It should also be noted that Directive 84/450 carried out an exhaustive harmonisation of the conditions under which comparative advertising in Member States might be permitted and that such a harmonisation implies by its nature that the lawfulness of comparative advertising throughout the European Union is to be assessed solely in the light of the criteria laid down by the European Union legislature (see Case C-44/01 Pippig Augenoptik [2003] ECR I-3095, paragraph 44).
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