38Thus, the Hellenic Republic, referring to Case C-343/92 Roks and Others [1994] ECR I-571) and Case C-280/94 Posthuma-van Damme and Oztürk [1996] ECR I-179, maintains that national practices relating to the implementation of social objectives are within the discretion which the Member States retain in determining their social policy, with regard to the nature and extent of social protection which they apply, provided that their actions are proportionate to the objective pursued. Accordingly, the Hellenic Republic maintains that paragraph 1 and the first subparagraph of paragraph 3 of Article 1 of Law 1078/1980 are not contrary to EU law and insists that the objectives pursued by those provisions cannot be achieved by less restrictive measures.
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