120The argument based on the regulations mentioned in paragraph 55 above is also immaterial. Those regulations relate to the recognition and enforcement of authentic instruments formally drawn up or registered and enforceable in a Member State, and do not therefore affect the interpretation of the first paragraph of Article 45 EC. It follows, moreover, from the case-law, applicable by analogy to Regulation No 44/2001, that for an instrument to be authentic within the meaning of that regulation the involvement of a public authority or any other authority empowered by the State is necessary (see, to that effect, Case C-260/97 Unibank [1999] ECR I-3715, paragraphs 15 and 21).
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