Judgment_paragraph 39 · European Commission v Deutsche Post AG (C-399/08 P)

39Thus, for a national measure to be classified as State aid, first, there must be an intervention by the State or through State resources; second, the intervention must be liable to affect trade between Member States; third, it must confer an advantage on the recipient; fourth, it must distort or threaten to distort competition (see to that effect, in particular, Case C-237/04 Enirisorse [2006] ECR I-2843, paragraphs 38 and 39; Case C-451/03 Servizi Ausiliari Dottori Commercialisti [2006] ECR I-2941, paragraph 56; and Case C-169/08 Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri [2009] ECR I-10821, paragraph 52).