43According to settled case-law, Article 43 EC precludes any national measure which, even if applicable without discrimination on grounds of nationality, is liable to hinder or render less attractive the exercise by Union nationals of the freedom of establishment that is guaranteed by the Treaty (see, to that effect, inter alia, Case C-19/92 Kraus [1993] ECR I-1663, paragraph 32; Gebhard, paragraph 37; Case C-442/02 CaixaBank France [2004] ECR I-8961, paragraph 11; and Case C-169/07 Hartlauer [2009] ECR I-1721, paragraph 33 and the case-law cited).
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