60According to the wording of the third paragraph of Article 249 EC, now the third paragraph of Article 288 TFEU, a directive, while being binding, as to the result to be achieved, upon each Member State to which it is addressed, leaves to the national authorities the choice of form and methods. It follows that the Republic of Austria, just like any other Member State, may choose the form and methods for implementing the Birds Directive (see, to this effect, Case C-418/04 Commission v Ireland, paragraph 157).
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