105In the procedures initiated by the Commission in order to penalise infringements of the competition rules, the application of that principle requires that fines must not be disproportionate to the objectives pursued, that is to say, by reference to compliance with those rules, and that the amount of the fine imposed on an undertaking for an infringement in competition matters must be proportionate to the infringement, seen as a whole, having regard, in particular, to the gravity thereof (see, to that effect, Joined Cases T-67/00, T-68/00, T-71/00 and T-78/00JFE Engineering and Others v Commission [2004] ECR II-2501, paragraph 532, and Prym and Prym Consumer v Commission, paragraph 104 above, paragraphs 223 and 224 and the case-law cited). In particular, the principle of proportionality requires the Commission to set the fine proportionately to the factors taken into account for the purpose of assessing the gravity of the infringement and also to apply those factors in a way which is consistent and objectively justified (Case T-43/02Jungbunzlauer v Commission [2006] ECR II-3435, paragraphs 226 to 228, and Case T-446/05Amann & Söhne and Cousin Filterie v Commission [2010] ECR II-1255, paragraph 171).