58Even if one were to assume that the objective of promoting teaching, research and development is an overriding reason relating to the public interest, the fact remains that, in order to be justified, a restrictive measure must comply with the principle of proportionality, in that it must be appropriate for securing the attainment of the objective it pursues and must not go beyond what is necessary to attain it (Case C-478/98 Commission v Belgium [2000] ECR I-7587, paragraph 41, and Case C-334/02 Commission v France [2004] ECR I-2229, paragraph 28).
Source: EUR-Lex, © European Union, 1998-2026. Reuse authorised under Decision 2011/833/EU.