38It follows from the Courts case-law concerning Article 39(4) EC that university teaching activities, being activities of civil society, do not fall within the scope of that derogation (see, to that effect, Case 33/88 Allué and Coonan [1989] ECR 1591, paragraph 7, and Case C-290/94 Commission v Greece [1996] ECR I-3285, paragraph 34).
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