25According to well-established case-law, a provision in an agreement concluded by the Communities with a non-member country must be regarded as having direct effect where, regard being had to its wording and to the purpose and nature of the agreement, the provision lays down a clear and precise obligation which is not subject, in its implementation or its effects, to the adoption of any subsequent measure (see to that effect, inter alia, Case C-63/99 Gloszczuk [2001] ECR I-6369, paragraph 30; Case C-171/01 Wählergruppe Gemeinsam [2003] ECR I-4301, paragraph 54; and Simutenkov, paragraph 21).
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