32The first paragraph of Article 1(a) of the Directive defines waste as ‘any substance or object in the categories set out in Annex I [to the Directive] which the holder discards or intends ... to discard’. The annex referred to clarifies and illustrates that definition by providing a list of categories of substances and objects which may be classified as ‘waste’. That list is intended only as guidance, however, and the classification of a substance or object as waste is to be inferred primarily from the holder's actions and the meaning of the term ‘discard’ (see, to that effect, Case C-129/96 Inter-Environnement Wallonie [1997] ECR I-7411, paragraph 26; Case C-1/03 Van de Walle and Others [2004] ECR I-7613, paragraph 42; and Case C-252/05 Thames Water Utilities [2007] ECR I-3883, paragraph 24).
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