22The second preliminary point to note is that, given the objectives of the Directive and in particular the fact that, as the second recital in the preamble to Directive 97/55 points out, comparative advertising helps to demonstrate objectively the merits of the various comparable products and thus stimulate competition between suppliers of goods and services to the consumers advantage, it is settled case-law that the conditions required of comparative advertising must be interpreted in the sense most favourable to it (Case C-112/99 Toshiba Europe [2001] ECR I-7945, paragraphs 36 and 37, and Case C-44/01 Pippig Augenoptik [2003] ECR I-3095, paragraph 42; see also Case C-59/05 Siemens [2006] ECR I-2147, paragraphs 22 to 24).
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