104Finally, as regards the third complaint, concerning the alleged secondary role of the existence of a direct or indirect transfer of resources in the assessment of State aid, it is sufficient to point out that, according to settled case-law, only advantages granted directly or indirectly through State resources are to be considered aid within the meaning of Article 87(1) EC (Sloman Neptun, paragraph 19; Viscido and Others, paragraph 13; and PreussenElefara, paragraph 58). Therefore, a State measure which does not involve a direct or indirect transfer of State resources cannot be regarded as State aid for the purposes of Article 87(1) EC, even if it satisfies the other conditions laid down in that provision (see, to that effect, Viscido and Others, paragraphs 14 to 16).
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