25As in the Dansk Rørindustri and Others v Commission case, it must be concluded that the Guidelines and, in particular, the new method of calculating fines contained therein, on the assumption that this new method had the effect of increasing the level of the fines imposed, were reasonably foreseeable for undertakings such as the appellants at the time when the infringements concerned were committed and that, in applying the Guidelines in the contested decision to infringements committed before they were adopted, the Commission did not breach the principle of non-retroactivity (Dansk Rørindustri and Others v Commission, paragraphs 231 and 232).
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