Judgment_paragraph 80 · Vereniging voor Energie, Milieu en Water and Others v Directeur van de Dienst uitvoering en toezicht energie (C-17/03)

80With regard to the principle of legal certainty, this requires in particular that rules involving negative consequences for individuals should be clear and precise and their application predictable for those subject to them (see, to this effect, Case 325/85 Ireland v Commission [1987] ECR 5041, Case C-143/93 Van Es Douane Agenten [1996] ECR I-431, paragraph 27; and Case C-63/93 Duff and Others [1996] ECR I-569, paragraph 20).