11Article 43 EC requires the elimination of restrictions on the freedom of establishment. All measures which prohibit, impede or render less attractive the exercise of that freedom must be regarded as such restrictions (see, inter alia, Case C-55/94 Gebhard [1995] ECR I-4165, paragraph 37, Case C-108/96 Mac Quen and Others [2001] ECR I-837, paragraph 26, and Case C-79/01 Payroll and Others [2002] ECR I-8923, paragraph 26).
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