56In that regard, it is appropriate to bear in mind that, in order to ascertain whether a retirement pension falls within the scope of Article 119 of the Treaty and, with effect from 1 May 1999, within that of Article 141(1) and (2) EC, the only possible decisive criterion is whether the pension is paid to the worker by reason of the employment relationship between him and his former employer, that is to say the criterion of employment based on the wording of the abovementioned provisions (see, to that effect, Case C-7/93 Benne [1994] ECR I-4471, paragraph 43; Case C-147/95 Evrenopoulos [1997] ECR I-2057, paragraph 19; Case C-366/99 Griesmar [2001] ECR I-9383, paragraph 28; and Case C-351/00 Niemi [2002] ECR I-7007, paragraph 45).
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