47Furthermore, it is clear from the case-law that the obligations which are based on the affiliation between an association and its members must be regarded as contractual for the purpose of Article 5(1) of the Brussels Convention, on the ground that the membership of a private law association creates between the members close links of the same kind as those which are created between the parties to a contract (see the judgment in Case 34/82 Peters [1983] ECR 987, paragraphs 13 and 15).
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