48With regard more specifically to the concept of ‘working time’ for the purposes of Directive 93/104, it is important to point out that at paragraph 47 of the judgment in Simap, the Court noted that the directive defines that concept as any period during which the worker is working, at the employer's disposal and carrying out his activity or duties, in accordance with national laws and/or practices, and that that concept is placed in opposition to rest periods, the two being mutually exclusive.
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