58The direct effect of both Article 41 ( 1 ) of the Additional Protocol and Article 13 of Decision No 1/80 is clear from the case-law of the Court of Justice (see, as regards Article 41(1), Joined Cases C-37/98 Savas [2000] ECR I-2927, paragraphs 54 and 71, and, as regards Article 13, Case C-192/89 Sevince [1990] ECR I-3461, paragraph 26). Those provisions lay down, clearly, precisely and unconditionally, unequivocal ‘standstill’ clauses, which contain an obligation entered into by the contracting parties which amounts in law to a duty not to act (see Savas, cited above, paragraphs 46 and 47).
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