42Second, it should be recalled that the abridged procedure established by the provision at issue, which, in certain circumstances, exempts the manufacturers of medicinal products which are essentially similar to already authorised medicinal products from having to provide the results of pharmacological and toxicological tests or of clinical trials, was introduced to enable those manufacturers to save the time and expense needed to gather that data and, in accordance with the fourth recital in the preamble to Directive 87/21, to avoid the repetition of tests on humans or animals where not absolutely necessary (see, to that effect, Case C-368/96 Generics (UK) and Others [1998] ECR I-7967, paragraph 4).
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