37According to settled case-law, the concepts used in Article 13 of the Brussels Convention must be interpreted independently, by reference principally to the system and objectives of the Convention, in order to ensure that it is fully effective (see, in particular, Case 150/77 Bertrand [1978] ECR 1431, paragraphs 14, 15 and 16; Case C-89/91 Shearson Lehman Button [1993] ECR I-139, paragraph 13; Case C-269/95 Benincasa [1997] ECR I-3767, paragraph 12; and Case C-99/96 Mietz [1999] ECR I-2277, paragraph 26).
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