17There is, in this connection, nothing in the wording of Article 141(1) EC to suggest that the applicability of that provision is limited to situations in which men and women work for the same employer. The Court has held that the principle established by that article may be invoked before national courts, in particular in cases of discrimination arising directly from legislative provisions or collective labour agreements, as well as in cases in which work is carried out in the same establishment or service, whether private or public (see, inter alia, Defrenne II, paragraph 40; Case 129/79 Macarthys [1980] ECR 1275, paragraph 10; and Case 96/80 Jenkins [1981] ECR 911, paragraph 17).
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