21As regards the circumstances likely to justify a difference in treatment between offenders, it is clear from paragraphs 21 and 22 of the judgment in Pastoors and Trans-Cap that the absence of any conventions to secure the enforcement of a court decision in a Member State other than that in which it was pronounced objectively justifies a difference in treatment between resident and nonresident offenders and that the obligation imposed on the latter to pay a sum by way of security is appropriate to prevent them from avoiding an effective penalty simply by declaring that they do not consent to the immediate levying of the fine.
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