25The provisions on citizenship of the Union are applicable as soon as they enter into force. Therefore they must be applied to the present effects of situations arising previously (see, to that effect, Case C-195/98 Österreichischer Gewerkschaftsbund [2000] ECR I-10497, paragraphs 54 and 55, and Case C-290/00 Duchon [2002] ECR I-3567, paragraphs 43 and 44).
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