30The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg asserts that it has challenged the validity of Directive 98/5 in the interests of consumers and in the interest of the proper administration of justice. According to the case-law of the Court, the application of professional rules to lawyers, in particular those relating to organisation, qualifications, professional ethics, supervision and liability, provides ultimate consumers of legal services and the sound administration of justice with the necessary guarantees of integrity and experience (Case C-3/95 Reisebüro Broede v Sandker [1996] ECR I-6511, paragraph 38). By abolishing all requirement of training in the law of the host Member State, Directive 98/5 prejudices the public interest, in particular the protection of consumers, pursued by the various Member States in requiring, for access to and practice of the profession of lawyer, a legally prescribed qualification. In this connection, the applicant argues that to accept that training may be acquired in practice necessarily implies that practice precedes training. In addition, to claim that a lawyer practising under his home-country professional title will not practise the national law of the host Member State which he does not know is to disregard the imperative requirements which militate against running such a risk; the quantitative likelihood of such a risk should not have any bearing on the determination that it is unacceptable.
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