47As regards the legitimate expectations of the persons concerned, it should be observed that the period between the annulment of the first directive (23 February 1988) and the notification of the directive at issue (11 March 1988, the directive having been adopted on 7 March) or its publication in the Official Journal on 16 March was very short and, furthermore, the earlier directive was annulled because of a procedural defect. In those circumstances, the persons concerned, whose activities were subject to national legislation adopted in order to implement the directive which was annulled, could not expect the Council to change its attitude on the substance of the matter. Accordingly, the retroactive nature of the new directive does not infringe the principle of the protection of legitimate expectations.
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