S18—1 NameThis Standard is Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code – Schedule 18 – Processing aids.Note Commencement:This Standard commences on 1 March 2016, being the date specified as the commencement date in notices in the Gazette and the New Zealand Gazette under section 92 of the Food Standards Australia New Zealand Act 1991 (Cth). See also section 93 of that Act.S18—2 Generally permitted processing aids—substances for section 1.3.3—4(1) For paragraph 1.3.3—4(2)(b), the substances are:Generally permitted processing aidsactivated carbonammoniaammonium hydroxideargonbone phosphatecarbon monoxidediatomaceous earthethoxylated fatty alcoholsethyl alcoholfatty acid polyalkylene glycol esterfurcellaranhydrogenated glucose syrupsisopropyl alcoholmagnesium hydroxideoleic acidoleyl oleateoxygenperlitephospholipidsphosphoric acidpolyethylene glycolspolyglycerol esters of fatty acidspolyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acidpolyoxyethylene 40 stearatepotassium hydroxidepropylene glycol alginatesilica or silicatessodium hydroxidesodium lauryl sulphatesulphuric acidtannic acid(2) In this section:silica or silicates includes:(a) sodium calcium polyphosphate silicate; and(b) sodium hexafluorosilicate; and(c) sodium metasilicate; and(d) sodium silicate; and(e) silica; and(f) modified silica;that complies with a specification in section S3—2 or S3—3.Note Silicates that are additives permitted at GMP (see section S16—2) may also be used as processing aids, in accordance with paragraph 1.3.3—4(2)(a).S18—3 Permitted processing aids for certain purposesFor section 1.3.3—5, the substances, foods and maximum permitted levels are:Permitted processing aids for certain purposes (section 1.3.3—5)Substance | Maximum permitted level (mg/kg)Technological purpose—Antifoam agentButanol | 10Oxystearin | GMPPolydimethylsiloxane | 10Polyethylene glycol dioleate | GMPPolyethylene/ polypropylene glycol copolymers | GMPSoap | GMPSorbitan monolaurate | 1Sorbitan monooleate | 1Technological purpose—CatalystChromium (excluding chromium VI) | 0.1Copper | 0.1Molybdenum | 0.1Nickel | 1.0Peracetic acid | 0.7Potassium ethoxide | 1.0Potassium (metal) | GMPSodium (metal) | GMPSodium ethoxide | 1.0Sodium methoxide | 1.0Technological purpose—decolourants, clarifying, filtration and adsorbent agentsAcid clays of montmorillonite | GMPChloromethylated aminated styrene-divinylbenzene resin | GMPCo-extruded polystyrene and polyvinyl polypyrrolidone | GMPCopper sulphate | GMPDimethylamine-epichlorohydrin copolymer | 150Dimethyldialkylammonium chloride | GMPDivinylbenzene copolymer | GMPHigh density polyethylene co-extruded with kaolin | GMPIron oxide | GMPFish collagen, including isinglass | GMPMagnesium oxide | GMPModified polyacrylamide resins | GMPNylon | GMPPhytates (including phytic acid, magnesium phytate & calcium phytate) | GMPPolyester resins, cross-linked | GMPPolyethylene | GMPPolypropylene | GMPPolyvinyl polypyrrolidone | GMPPotassium ferrocyanide | 0.1Technological purpose—desiccating preparationAluminium sulphate | GMPEthyl esters of fatty acids | GMPShort chain triglycerides | GMPTechnological purpose—ion exchange resinCompletely hydrolysed copolymers of methyl acrylate and divinylbenzene | GMPCompletely hydrolysed terpolymers of methyl acrylate, divinylbenzene and acrylonitrile | GMPCross-linked phenol-formaldehyde activated with one or both of the following: triethylene tetramine and tetraethylenepentamine | GMPCross-linked polystyrene, chloromethylated, then aminated with trimethylamine, dimethylamine, diethylenetriamine, or dimethylethanolamine | GMPDiethylenetriamine, triethylene-tetramine, or tetraethylenepentamine cross-linked with epichlorohydrin | GMPDivinylbenzene copolymer | GMPEpichlorohydrin cross-linked with ammonia | GMPEpichlorohydrin cross-linked with ammonia and then quaternised with methyl chloride to contain not more than 18% strong base capacity by weight of total exchange capacity | GMPHydrolysed copolymer of methyl acrylate and divinylbenzene | GMPMethacrylic acid-divinylbenzene copolymer | GMPMethyl acrylate-divinylbenzene copolymer containing not less than 2% by weight of divinylbenzene, aminolysed with dimethylaminopropylamine | GMPMethyl acrylate-divinylbenzene copolymer containing not less than 3.5% by weight of divinylbenzene, aminolysed with dimethylaminopropylamine | GMPMethyl acrylate-divinylbenzene-diethylene glycol divinyl ether terpolymer containing not less than 3.5% by weight divinylbenzene and not more than 0.6% by weight of diethylene glycol divinyl ether, aminolysed with dimethaminopropylamine | GMPMethyl acrylate-divinylbenzene-diethylene glycol divinyl ether terpolymer containing not less than 7% by weight divinylbenzene and not more than 2.3% by weight of diethylene glycol divinyl ether, aminolysed with dimethaminopropylamine and quaternised with methyl chloride | GMPReaction resin of formaldehyde, acetone, and tetraethylenepentamine | GMPRegenerated cellulose, cross-linked and alkylated with epichlorohydrin and propylene oxide, then derivatised with carboxymethyl groups whereby the amount of epichlorohydrin plus propylene oxide is no more than 70% of the starting amount of cellulose | GMPRegenerated cellulose, cross-linked and alkylated with epichlorohydrin, then derivatised with tertiary amine groups whereby the amount of epichlorohydrin is no more than 10% of the starting amount of cellulose | GMPRegenerated cellulose, cross-linked and alkylated with epichlorohydrin and propylene oxide, then derivatised with quaternary amine groups whereby the amount of epichlorohydrin plus propylene oxide is no more than 250% of the starting amount of cellulose | GMPRegenerated cellulose, cross-linked and alkylated with epichlorohydrin and propylene oxide, then sulphonated, whereby the amount of epichlorohydrin plus propylene oxide employed is no more than 250% of the starting amount of cellulose | GMPStyrene-divinylbenzene cross-linked copolymer, chloromethylated then aminated with dimethylamine and oxidised with hydrogen peroxide whereby the resin contains not more than 15% of vinyl N,N-dimethylbenzylamine-N-oxide and not more than 6.5% of nitrogen | GMPSulphite-modified cross-linked phenol-formaldehyde, with modification resulting in sulphonic acid groups on side chains | GMPSulphonated anthracite coal | GMPSulphonated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene | GMPSulphonated terpolymers of styrene, divinylbenzene, and acrylonitrile or methyl acrylate | GMPSulphonated tetrapolymer of styrene, divinylbenzene, acrylonitrile, and methyl acrylate derived from a mixture of monomers containing not more than a total of 2% by weight of acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate | GMPTechnological purpose—lubricant, release and anti-stick agentAcetylated mono- and diglycerides | 100Mineral oil based greases | GMPThermally oxidised soya-bean oil | 320White mineral oil | GMPTechnological purpose—carrier, solvent, diluentBenzyl alcohol | 500Croscarmellose sodium | GMPEthyl acetate | GMPGlycerol diacetate | GMPGlyceryl monoacetate | GMPGlycine | GMPIsopropyl alcohol | 1000L-Leucine | GMPTriethyl citrate | GMPS18—4 Permitted enzymes(1) For section 1.3.3—6, the enzymes and sources are set out in:(a) subsection (3) (permitted enzymes of animal origin); and(b) subsection (4) (permitted enzymes of plant origin); and(c) subsection (5) (permitted enzymes of microbial origin).(2) The sources listed in relation to enzymes of microbial origin may contain additional copies of genes from the same organism.Note 1 EC, followed by a number, means the number the Enzyme Commission uses to classify the principal enzyme activity, which is known as the Enzyme Commission number.Note 2 ATCC, followed by a number, means the number which the American Type Culture Collection uses to identify a prokaryote.(3) The permitted enzymes of animal origin are:Permitted enzymes (section 1.3.3—6)—Enzymes of animal originEnzyme | SourceLipase, triacylglycerol (EC 3.1.1.3) | Bovine stomach; salivary glands or forestomach of calf, kid or lamb; porcine or bovine pancreasPepsin (EC 3.4.23.1) | Bovine or porcine stomachPhospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) | Porcine pancreasThrombin (EC 3.4.21.5) | Bovine or porcine bloodTrypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) | Porcine or bovine pancreas(4) The permitted enzymes of plant origin are:Permitted enzymes (section 1.3.3—6)—Enzymes of plant originEnzyme | Sourceα-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) | Malted cerealsβ-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.2)Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)Malted cerealsActinidin (EC 3.4.22.14) | Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)Ficin (EC 3.4.22.3) | Ficus spp.Fruit bromelain (EC 3.4.22.33) | Pineapple fruit (Ananas comosus)Papain (EC 3.4.22.2) | Carica papayaStem bromelain (EC 3.4.22.32) | Pineapple stem (Ananas comosus)(5) The permitted enzymes of microbial origin are:Permitted enzymes (section 1.3.3—6)—Enzymes of microbial originEnzyme | Sourceα-Acetolactate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.5)Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus subtilisBacillus subtilis, containing the gene for α-Acetolactate decarboxylase isolated from Bacillus brevisAminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1)Aspergillus oryzaeLactococcus lactisα-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1)Aspergillus nigerAspergillus oryzaeBacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus licheniformisBacillus licheniformis, containing the gene for α-Amylase isolated from Geobacillus stearothermophilusBacillus subtilisBacillus subtilis, containing the gene for α-Amylase isolated from Geobacillus stearothermophilusGeobacillus stearothermophilusβ-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.2)Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus subtilisAmylomaltase (EC 2.4.1.25) | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, containing the gene for amylomaltase derived from Thermus thermophilusα-Arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.55) | Aspergillus nigerAsparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1)Aspergillus niger Aspergillus oryzaeBacillus subtilis, containing the gene for asparaginase isolated from Pyrococcus furiosusAspergillopepsin I (EC 3.4.23.18)Aspergillus nigerAspergillus oryzaeAspergillopepsin II (EC 3.4.23.19) | Aspergillus nigerCarboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1) | Rhizomucor mieheiCatalase (EC 1.11.1.6)Aspergillus nigerMicrococcus luteusCellulase (EC 3.2.1.4)Aspergillus nigerPenicillium funiculosumTrichoderma reeseiTrichoderma virideChymosin (EC 3.4.23.4)Aspergillus nigerEscherichia coli K-12 strain GE81Kluyveromyces lactisChymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) | Bacillus licheniformis, containing the gene for chymotrypsin isolated from Nocardiopsis prasinaCyclodextrin glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.19) | Paenibacillus maceransDextranase (EC 3.2.1.11)Chaetomium gracilePenicillium lilacinumEndo-1,4-beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8)Aspergillus nigerAspergillus oryzaeAspergillus oryzae, containing the gene for Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase isolated from Aspergillus aculeatusAspergillus oryzae, containing the gene for Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase isolated from Thermomyces lanuginosusBacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus subtilisHumicola insolensTrichoderma reeseiEndo-1,4-beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) | Bacillus licheniformis, containing the gene for Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase isolated from Bacillus licheniformisEndo-arabinase (EC 3.2.1.99) | Aspergillus nigerEndo-protease (EC 3.4.21.26) | Aspergillus nigerβ-Fructofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.26)Aspergillus fijiensis ATCC 20611Aspergillus nigerSaccharomyces cerevisiaeα-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) | Aspergillus nigerβ-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23)Aspergillus niger Aspergillus oryzae Bacillus circulans ATCC 31382Bacillus licheniformis, containing the gene for β-Galactosidase isolated from Bifidobacterium bifidumKluyveromyces marxianus Kluyveromyces lactisGlucan 1,3-β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.58) | Trichoderma harzianumβ-Glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6)Aspergillus nigerAspergillus oryzaeBacillus amyloliquefaciens Bacillus subtilisDisporotrichum dimorphosporumHumicola insolensTalaromyces emersoniiTrichoderma reeseiGlucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3)Aspergillus nigerAspergillus oryzaeRhizopus delemarRhizopus oryzaeRhizopus niveusGlucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4)Aspergillus nigerAspergillus oryzae, containing the gene for glucose oxidase isolated from Aspergillus nigerα-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20)Aspergillus oryzaeAspergillus nigerβ-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) | Aspergillus nigerGlutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2) | Bacillus amyloliquefaciensGlycerophospholipid cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.43) | Bacillus licheniformis, containing the gene for glycerophospholipid cholesterol acyltransferase isolated from Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicidaHemicellulase endo-1,3-β-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.32) | Humicola insolensHemicellulase multicomponent enzyme (EC 3.2.1.78)Aspergillus nigerBacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus subtilisTrichoderma reeseiHexose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.5) | Hansenula polymorpha, containing the gene for Hexose oxidase isolated from Chondrus crispusInulinase (EC 3.2.1.7) | Aspergillus nigerLipase, monoacylglycerol (EC 3.1.1.23) | Penicillium camembertiiLipase, triacylglycerol (EC 3.1.1.3)Aspergillus nigerAspergillus oryzaeAspergillus oryzae, containing the gene for Lipase, triacylglycerol isolated from Fusarium oxysporumAspergillus oryzae, containing the gene for Lipase, triacylglycerol isolated from Humicola lanuginosaAspergillus oryzae, containing the gene for Lipase, triacylglycerol isolated from Rhizomucor mieheiCandida rugosa Hansenula polymorpha, containing the gene for Lipase, triacylglycerol isolated from Fusarium heterosporumMucor javanicus Penicillium roquefortiiRhizopus arrhizusRhizomucor mieheiRhizopus niveusRhizopus oryzaeLipase, triacylglycerol (EC 3.1.1.3) | Aspergillus niger, containing the gene for lipase, triacylglycerol isolated from Fusarium culmorumLysophospholipase (EC 3.1.1.5) | Aspergillus nigerMaltogenic α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.133) | Bacillus subtilis containing the gene for maltogenic α-amylase isolated from Geobacillus stearothermophilusMaltotetraohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.60) | Bacillus licheniformis, containing the gene for maltotetraohydrolase isolated from Pseudomonas stutzeriMetalloproteinaseAspergillus oryzaeBacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus coagulansBacillus subtilisMucorpepsin (EC 3.4.23.23)Aspergillus oryzaeAspergillus oryzae, containing the gene for Aspartic proteinase isolated from Rhizomucor meiheiRhizomucor meiheiCryphonectria parasiticaOryzin (EC 3.4.21.63) | Aspergillus melleusPectin lyase (EC 4.2.2.10) | Aspergillus nigerPectinesterase (EC 3.1.1.11)Aspergillus niger Aspergillus oryzae, containing the gene for pectinesterase isolated from Aspergillus aculeatusPhospholipase A1 (EC 3.1.1.32) | Aspergillus oryzae, containing the gene for phospholipase A1 isolated from Fusarium venenatumPhospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4)Aspergillus niger, containing the gene isolated from porcine pancreasStreptomyces violaceoruber3-Phytase (EC 3.1.3.8) | Aspergillus niger4-Phytase (EC 3.1.3.26) | Aspergillus oryzae, containing the gene for 4-phytase isolated from Peniophora lyciiPolygalacturonase or Pectinase multicomponent enzyme (EC 3.2.1.15)Aspergillus nigerAspergillus oryzaeTrichoderma reeseiPullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41)Bacillus acidopullulyticusBacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus licheniformisBacillus subtilisBacillus subtilis, containing the gene for pullulanase isolated from Bacillus acidopullulyticusKlebsiella pneumoniaeSerine proteinase (EC 3.4.21.14)Aspergillus oryzaeBacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus haloduransBacillus licheniformisBacillus subtilisTransglucosidase (EC 2.4.1.24) | Aspergillus nigerTransglutaminase (EC 2.3.2.13) | Streptomyces mobaraensisTrypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) | Fusarium venenatum, containing the gene for trypsin isolated from Fusarium oxysporumUrease (EC 3.5.1.5) | Lactobacillus fermentumXylose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.5)Actinoplanes missouriensisBacillus coagulansMicrobacterium arborescensStreptomyces olivaceusStreptomyces olivochromogenesStreptomyces murinusStreptomyces rubiginosusS18—5 Permitted microbial nutrients and microbial nutrient adjunctsFor section 1.3.3—7, the substances are:Permitted microbial nutrients and microbial nutrient adjunctsadenineadonitolammonium sulphateammonium sulphitearginineasparagineaspartic acidbenzoic acidbiotincalcium pantothenatecalcium propionatecopper sulphatecystinecysteine monohydrochloridedextranferrous sulphateglutamic acidglycineguaninehistidinehydroxyethyl starchinosineinositolmanganese chloridemanganese sulphateniacinnitric acidpantothenic acidpeptonephytatespolyvinylpyrrolidonepyridoxine hydrochlorideriboflavinsodium formatesodium molybdatesodium tetraboratethiaminthreonineuracilxanthinezinc chloridezinc sulphateS18—6 Permitted processing aids for waterFor section 1.3.3—8, the substances and maximum permitted levels are:Permitted processing aids for water (section 1.3.3—8)Substance | Maximum permitted level (mg/kg)Aluminium sulphate | GMPAmmonium sulphate | GMPCalcium hypochlorite | 5 (available chlorine)Calcium sodium polyphosphate | GMPChlorine | 5 (available chlorine)Chlorine dioxide | 1 (available chlorine)Cobalt sulphate | 2Copper sulphate | 2Cross-linked phenol-formaldehyde activated with one or both of triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine | GMPCross-linked polystyrene, first chloromethylated then aminated with trimethylamine, dimethylamine, diethylenetriamine or dimethylethanolamine | GMPDiethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine cross-linked with epichlorohydrin | GMPFerric chloride | GMPFerric sulphate | GMPFerrous sulphate | GMPHydrofluorosilicic acid (fluorosilicic acid) (only in water used as an ingredient in other foods) | 1.5 (as fluoride)Hydrolysed copolymers of methyl acrylate and divinylbenzene | GMPHydrolysed terpolymers of methyl acrylate, divinylbenzene and acrylonitrile | GMPHydrogen peroxide | 51-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid | GMPLignosulphonic acid | GMPMagnetite | GMPMaleic acid polymers | GMPMethyl acrylate-divinylbenzene copolymer containing not less than 2% divinylbenzene aminolysed with dimethylaminopropylamine | GMPMethacrylic acid-divinylbenzene copolymer | GMPMethyl acrylate-divinylbenzene-diethylene glycol divinyl ether terpolymer containing not less than 3.5% divinylbenzene and not more than 0.6% diethylene glycol divinyl ether, aminolysed with dimethylaminopropylamine | GMPModified polyacrylamide resins | GMPMonobutyl ethers of polyethylene-polypropylene glycol | GMPOzone | GMPPhosphorous acid | GMPPolyacrylamide (polyelectrolytes) (as acrylamide monomer) | 0.0002Polyaluminium chloride | GMPPolydimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride | GMPPolyoxypropylene glycol | GMPPotassium permanganate | GMPReaction resin of formaldehyde, acetone and tetraethylenepentamine | GMPRegenerated cellulose, cross-linked and alkylated with epichlorohydrin and propylene oxide, then sulphonated whereby the amount of epichlorohydrin plus propylene oxide employed is no more than 250% of the starting amount of cellulose | GMPSilver ions | 0.01Sodium aluminate | GMPSodium fluoride (only in water used as an ingredient in other foods) | 1.5 (as fluoride)Sodium fluorosilicate (Sodium silicofluoride) (only in water used as an ingredient in other foods) | 1.5 (as fluoride)Sodium glucoheptonate | 0.08 (measured as cyanide)Sodium gluconate | GMPSodium humate | GMPSodium hypochlorite | 5 (available chlorine)Sodium lignosulphonate | GMPSodium metabisulphite | GMPSodium nitrate | 50 (as nitrate)Sodium polymethacrylate | 2.5Sodium sulphite (neutral or alkaline) | GMPStyrene-divinylbenzene cross-linked copolymer | 0.02 (as styrene)Sulphonated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene | GMPSulphonated terpolymers of styrene, divinylbenzene acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate | GMPSulphite modified cross-linked phenol-formaldehyde | GMPTannin powder extract | GMPTetrasodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate | GMPZinc sulphate | GMPS18—7 Permitted bleaching, washing and peeling agents—various foodsFor section 1.3.3—9, the substances, foods and maximum permitted levels are:Permitted bleaching, washing and peeling agents (section 1.3.3—9)Substance | Food | Maximum permitted level (mg/kg)Benzoyl peroxide | All foods | 40 (measured as benzoic acid)Bromo-chloro-dimethylhydantoinAll foods1.0 (available chlorine)1.0 (inorganic bromide)2.0 (dimethylhydantoin)Calcium hypochlorite | All foods | 1.0 (available chlorine)Chlorine | All foods | 1.0 (available chlorine)Chlorine dioxide | All foods | 1.0 (available chlorine)Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate | All foods | GMPDibromo-dimethylhydantoinAll foods2.0 (inorganic bromide)2.0 (dimethylhydantoin)2-Ethylhexyl sodium sulphate | All foods | 0.7Hydrogen peroxide | All foods | 5Iodine | Fruits, vegetables and eggs | GMPOxides of nitrogen | All foods | GMPOzone | All foods | GMPPeracetic acid | All foods | GMPSodium chlorite | All foods | 1.0 (available chlorine)Sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate | All foods | 0.7Sodium hypochlorite | All foods | 1.0 (available chlorine)Sodium laurate | All foods | GMPSodium metabisulphite | Root and tuber vegetables | 25Sodium peroxide | All foods | 5Sodium persulphate | All foods | GMPTriethanolamine | Dried vine fruit | GMPS18—8 Permitted extraction solvents—various foodsFor section 1.3.3—10, the substances, foods and maximum permitted levels are:Permitted extraction solvents (section 1.3.3—10)Substance | Food | Maximum permitted level (mg/kg)Acetone | Flavouring substances | 2Other foods | 0.1Benzyl alcohol | All foods | GMPButane | Flavouring substances | 1Other foods | 0.1Butanol | All foods | 10Cyclohexane | All foods | 1Dibutyl ether | All foods | 2Diethyl ether | All foods | 2Dimethyl ether | All foods | 2Ethyl acetate | All foods | 10Glyceryl triacetate | All foods | GMPHexanes | All foods | 20Isobutane | Flavouring substances | 1Other foods | 0.1Methanol | All foods | 5Methylene chloride | Decaffeinated coffee | 2Decaffeinated tea | 2Flavouring substances | 2Methylethyl ketone | All foods | 22-Methyloxolane | Infant formula products | 3Foods for infants | 5Formulated supplementary foods for young children | 5All other foods | 20Propane | All foods | 1Toluene | All foods | 1S18—9 Permitted processing aids—various technological purposes(1) For section 1.3.3—11, the substances, foods, technological purposes and maximum permitted levels are set out in the table to subsection (3).(2) In this section:amine agarose ion exchange resin means agarose cross-linked and alkylated with epichlorohydrin and propylene oxide, then derivatised with tertiary amine groups whereby the amount of epichlorohydrin plus propylene oxide does not exceed 250% by weight of the starting amount of agarose.approved food for use of phage means food that:(a) is ordinarily consumed in the same state in which it is sold; and(b) is solid; and(c) is one of the following:(i) meat or meat product;(ii) fish or fish product;(iii) fruit or fruit product;(iv) vegetable or vegetable product;(v) cheese; and(d) is not one of the following:(i) whole nuts in the shell;(ii) raw fruits and vegetables that are intended for hulling, peeling or washing by the consumer.sulphonate agarose ion exchange resin means agarose cross-linked with epichlorohydrin and reacted with allyl glycidyl ether or propylene oxide, then derivatised with sulphonate groups whereby the amount of epichlorohydrin plus allyl glycidyl ether or propylene oxide does not exceed 250% by weight of the starting quantity of agarose.(3) The table is:Permitted processing aids—various purposes (section 1.3.3—11)Substance | Technological purpose and food | Maximum permitted level (mg/kg)Amine agarose ion exchange resin | Removal of specific proteins and polyphenols from beer | GMPAminopeptidase Y (EC 3.4.11.15) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the aminopeptidase Y gene from Aspergillus clavatus | For use in protein processing, yeast processing,and flavour production | GMPAmmonium bisulphite | For use in the manufacture of wine, sparkling wine and fortified wine as a microbial nutrient and microbial nutrient adjunct. | GMPAmmonium persulphate | Yeast washing agent | GMPAmmonium sulphate | Decalcification agent for edible casings | GMPα-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) sourced from Aspergillus niger containing the α-Amylase gene from Rhizomucor pusillus | For use in starch processing and the production of potable alcohol | GMPα-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) sourced from Bacillus licheniformis containing the gene for α-amylase from the gene variant ANZ105For use in:(a) starch processing to produce starch hydrolysates; and(b) the production of potable alcohol.GMPα-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) sourced from Bacillus licheniformis containing the α-amylase gene from Cytophaga speciesFor use in:(a) brewing;(b) the production of potable alcohol; and(c) starch processing.GMPα-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) sourced from Bacillus subtilis containing the α-amylase gene from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris | For use in the manufacture of bakery products | GMPα-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the α-Amylase gene from Aspergillus kawachii | For use in brewing and the production of potable alcohol. | GMPβ-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) sourced from soybean (Glycine max) | For use in starch processing to manufacture maltose syrup | GMPβ-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) sourced from Bacillus licheniformis containing the β-amylase gene from Priestia flexa (basionym Bacillus flexus)For use in starch processing to manufacture maltose syrupGMPα-Arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.55) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the α-arabinofuranosidase gene from Talaromyces pinophilus | For use in: grain processing; and the production of potable alcohol. | GMPAqualysin 1 (EC 3.4.21.111) sourced from Bacillus subtilis containing the aqualysin 1 gene from Thermus aquaticus | For use in the manufacture of bakery products | GMPAspergillopepsin I (EC 3.4.23.18) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the gene for aspergillopepsin I isolated from Trichoderma reesei | For use in the manufacture of potable alcohol and of animal and vegetable protein products. | GMPButanol | Suspension agent for sugar crystals | 10Carbonic acid | Bleached tripe washing agent | GMPCarboxypeptidase (EC 3.4.16.6) sourced from Aspergillus oryzae containing the carboxypeptidase gene from Aspergillus oryzae | For use in brewing; and the manufacture of bakery products; and the manufacture and/or processing of the following types of food: flavourings; and proteins; and yeast. | GMPCellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) sourced from Aspergillus niger containing the cellulase gene from Trichoderma reesei For use in brewing and the production of potable alcoholGMPCetyl alcohol | Coating agent on meat carcasses and primal cuts to prevent desiccation | 1.0Chitin-glucan | For use in the manufacture of wine, sparkling wine and fortified wine as a decolourant, clarifying, filtration and absorbent agent. | GMPChitosan sourced from Aspergillus niger | Manufacture of wine, beer, cider, spirits and food grade ethanol | GMPChymosin (EC 3.4.23.4) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the chymosin gene from Bos taurus | For use in the manufacture of cheese, cheese products, fermented milk products and rennetted milk products. | GMPA colouring that is an additive permitted at GMP, a colouring permitted at GMP, or a colouring permitted to a maximum level | Applied to the outer surface of meat as a brand for the purposes of inspection or identification | GMPCupric citrate | Removal of sulphide compounds from wine | GMPβ-Cyclodextrin | Used to extract cholesterol from eggs | GMPβ-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) from Papiliotrema terrestris strain AE-BLC | For use in the production of *galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose. | GMPβ-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) sourced from Bacillus subtilis containing the gene for β-galactosidase isolated from Bifidobacterium bifidum. | For use in the production of lactose reduced dairy foods and for the production of galacto-oligosaccharides. | GMPβ-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) sourced from Bacillus subtilis containing the β-galactosidase gene from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus | For use in the production of lactose reduced dairy foods. | GMPL-Cysteine (or HCl salt) | Dough conditioner | 75Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) sourced from Bacillus licheniformis containing the endo-1,4-beta-xylanase gene from Chryseobacterium cucumerisFor use in the production of:(a) potable alcohol; and(b) starch and gluten fractions.GMPEndo-1,4-beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) from Bacillus subtilis, containing the gene for Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase isolated from Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis. | For use in the manufacture of bakery and other cereal-based products. | GMPEndo-1,4-ß-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) from Trichoderma reesei, containing the gene for endo-1,4-ß-xylanase isolated from Thermopolyspora flexuosaFor depolymerisation of arabinoxylans during the manufacture and/or processing of the following types of food:(a) bakery products;(b) cereal products;(c) grain;(d) cereal based beverages (including beer); and(e) potable alcoholGMPEndo-1,4-beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the endo-1,4-beta-xylanase gene from Aspergillus niger. | For use in the manufacture of bakery and other cereal-based products, including cereal-based beverages | GMPEndo-1,4-β-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) sourced from Trichoderma reesei, containing the endo-1,4-ß-xylanase gene from Fusarium verticillioides | For use in starch processing and the production of potable alcohol | GMPEndo-1,4-beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the endo-1,4-beta-xylanase gene from Talaromyces leycettanus | For use in: brewing; and fats and oils processing; and grain processing; and the production of potable alcohol. | GMPEnzyme that:(a) contains both of the following components -(i) UDP-glucosyltransferase; and(ii) sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13); and(b) is sourced from Pichia pastoris strain UGT-A.For the conversion of purified stevia leaf extract to produce rebaudioside E.GMPEnzyme that: contains both UDP-glucosyltransferase and sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) components; and is sourced from Pichia pastoris strain UGT-A. | For the conversion of purified stevia leaf extract to produce rebaudioside D. | GMPEnzymes that: contain both UDP-glucosyltransferase and sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) components; and are sourced from both of the following; a Pichia pastoris strain expressing UGT-A, and a Pichia pastoris strain expressing both UGT-B1 and UGT-B2. | For the conversion of purified stevia leaf extract to produce rebaudioside M | GMPEthyl acetate | Cell disruption of yeast | GMPEthylene diamine tetraacetic acid | Metal sequestrant for edible fats and oils and related products | GMPFructan β-fructosidase (EC 3.2.1.80) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the fructan β-fructosidase gene from Lactobacillus crispatus | For use in the manufacture of bakery products | GMPβ-Fructofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.26) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the β-fructofuranosidase gene from Aspergillus niger | For use in the production of short-chain fructooligosaccharides; and to produce a reduction in sugar levels in treated fruit and vegetable products | GMPFructosyltransferase, immobilised, (EC 2.4.1.9) derived from Aspergillus oryzae | For use in the manufacture of short-chain fructooligosaccharides from sucrose | GMPGibberellic acid | Barley germination | GMPGlucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3) sourced from Aspergillus niger containing the glucoamylase gene from Gloeophyllum sepiariumFor use in:baking;brewing;the production of distilled alcohol; and(d) starch processing for the production of glucose syrups and other starch hydrolysates.GMPGlucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3) sourced from Aspergillus niger containing the glucoamylase gene from Penicillium oxalicumFor use in:(a) the manufacture of bakery products;(b) brewing; and(c) starch processing for the production of starch hydrolysates, including glucose syrups.GMPGlucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3) sourced from Aspergillus niger containing the gene for glucoamylase isolated from Talaromyces emersonii | To hydrolyse starch in the manufacture of syrups, beverages, cereal-based products, fruit products and vegetable products | GMPGlucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3) sourced from Aspergillus niger containing the glucoamylase gene from Trametes cingulata | For use in starch processing and the production of potable alcohol | GMPGlucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the glucoamylase gene from Trichoderma reeseiFor use in:(a) brewing;(b) the manufacture of bakery products;(c) the production of potable alcohol; and(d) starch processing.GMPGlucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3) sourced from Aspergillus niger containing the glucoamylase gene from Gloeophyllum trabeum | For use in starch processing and the production of potable alcohol | GMPα-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the α-glucosidase gene from Aspergillus niger | For use in the manufacture and/or processing of the following types of food: potable alcohol; lysine; organic acids; monosodium glutamate and other biochemicals; and isomalto-oligosaccharides and other sweeteners and beer. | GMPGlucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the glucose oxidase gene from Penicillium amagasakiense | For use in: the manufacture of bakery and other cereal-based products; and egg processing. | GMPGlucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) sourced from Penicillium rubensFor use in the manufacture of:(a) cooked products made from a dough including bread;(b) pasta;(c) noodles; and(d) dried egg powder.GMPGluteral | Manufacture of edible collagen casings | GMPHydrogen peroxideControl of lactic acid producing microorganisms to stabilise the pH during the manufacture of:(a) fermented milk;(b) fermented milk products;(c) cheese made using lactic acid producing microorganisms; or(d) cheese products made using lactic acid producing microorganisms5Inhibiting agent for dried vine fruits, fruit and vegetable juices, sugar, vinegar and yeast autolysate | 5Removal of glucose from egg | 5Removal of sulphur dioxide | 51-Hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid | Metal sequestrant for use with antimicrobial agents for meat, fruit and vegetables | GMPIce Structuring Protein type III HPLC 12 | Manufacture of ice cream and edible ices | 100Indole acetic acid | Barley germination | GMPInulinase (EC 3.2.1.7) sourced from Aspergillus oryzae containing the inulinase gene from Aspergillus ficuum | Hydrolysing inulin to produce fructo-oligosaccharides | GMPLactoperoxidase from bovine milk EC 1.11.1.7 | Reduce the bacterial population or inhibit bacterial growth on meat surfaces | GMPLipase, triacylglycerol (EC 3.1.1.3) sourced from Candida cylindracea | For use in the manufacture of bakery products and dairy products and in the processing of fats and oils. | GMPLipase, triacylglycerol (EC 3.1.1.3) sourced from Komagataella phaffii containing the lipase, triacylglycerol gene from Fusarium oxysporum | For use in the manufacture of bread and bakery products. | GMPLipase, triacylglycerol (EC 3.1.1.3) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the gene for lipase, triacylglycerol isolated from Aspergillus tubingensis | For use in the production of bakery products, and cereal-based beverages and foods. | GMPLipase, triacylglycerol (EC 3.1.1.3) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the gene for lipase, triacylglycerol isolated from Fusarium oxysporum | For use in the manufacture of bakery and other cereal-based products | GMPListeria phage P100 | Listericidal treatment for use on approved food for use of phage | GMPLysophospholipase (EC 3.1.1.5) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the gene for lysophospholipase isolated from Aspergillus nishimurae | For use in starch processing, including the production of syrups | GMPMaltogenic α-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.133) sourced from Escherichia coli containing the maltogenic α-Amylase gene from Geobacillus stearothermophilus | For use in baking, brewing and starch processing | GMPLipase, triacylglycerol (EC 3.1.1.3) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the lipase, triacylglycerol gene from Thermomyces lanuginosus | For use in the manufacture of bakery and other cereal-based products | GMPMaltogenic α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.133) sourced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing the gene for maltogenic α-amylase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus | For use in the manufacture of bakery products | GMPMaltogenic α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.133) sourced from Bacillus licheniformis containing the gene for maltogenic α-amylase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus. | For use in: brewing; the manufacture of bakery products; the production of potable alcohol; and; starch processing. | GMPMorpholine | Solubilising agent for coating mixtures on fruits | GMPOak | For use in the manufacture of wine | GMPOctanoic acid | Antimicrobial agent for meat, fruit and vegetables | GMPParaffin | Coatings for cheese and cheese products | GMPPectinesterase (EC 3.1.1.11) sourced from Aspergillus oryzae containing the pectinesterase gene from Aspergillus tubingensis | For use during the manufacture and/or processing of the following types of food: coffee; fruit and vegetable juices; fruit and vegetable products; wine; and flavouring substances. | GMPPhosphoinositide phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.11) sourced from Bacillus licheniformis containing the phosphoinositide phospholipase C gene from Pseudomonas sp. 62186 | For use in degumming vegetable fats and oils | GMPPhospholipase A1 (EC 3.1.1.32) sourced from Aspergillus oryzae containing the phospholipase A1 gene from Valsaria rubricosa | For use in the manufacture of bakery products | GMPPhospholipase A1 (EC 3.1.1.32) sourced from Aspergillus niger containing the phospholipase A1 gene from Evansstolkia leycettana (basionym Talaromyces leycettanus) | For use in the degumming of vegetable oils | GMPPhospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.3) sourced from Bacillus licheniformis containing the gene for phospholipase C from Bacillus thuringiensis | For use in degumming vegetable fats and oils | GMPPolygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) sourced from Aspergillus oryzae containing the polygalacturonase gene from Aspergillus tubingensiFor use during the manufacture and/or processing of the following types of food:(a) coffee;(b) fruit and vegetable juices;(c) fruit and vegetable products;(d) wine; and(e) flavouring substances.GMPPolyvinyl acetate | Preparation of waxes for use in cheese and cheese products | GMPPolyvinylimidazole-polyvinylpyrrolidone co-polymers | For use in the manufacture of wine, sparkling wine and fortified wine as a decolourant, clarifying, filtration and absorbent agent. | GMPPotassium bromate | Germination control in malting | Limit of determination of bromateProlyl oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the prolyl oligopeptidase gene from Aspergillus niger | For use in brewing | GMPProtein glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.44) sourced from Chryseobacterium proteolyticum strain AE-PG | To deamidate proteins during the manufacture and/or processing of the following types of food: baked products; pasta; noodles; milk; other dairy products; meat; fish; grains; yeast; and egg based products. | GMPD-psicose 3-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.30) from Microbacterium foliorum | For use in the manufacture of D-allulose | GMPPullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41) sourced from Bacillus licheniformis containing the pullulanase gene from Bacillus deramificans. | For use in brewing and in starch processing. | GMPPullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41) sourced from Bacillus subtilis containing the pullulanase gene from Bacillus deramificans | For use in starch processing for production of glucose syrups and other starch hydrolysates | GMPSalmonella phage preparation (S16 and FO1a) | Reduce population of Salmonella species on the surface of raw meat and raw poultry meat during processing. | GMPSilver chloride | For use in the manufacture of wine, sparkling wine and fortified wine to remove fermentation and storage-related odours. | GMPSodium bromate | Germination control in malting | Limit of determination of bromateSodium chlorite | Antimicrobial agent for meat, fish, fruit and vegetables | Limit of determination of chlorite, chlorate, chlorous acid and chlorine dioxideSodium gluconate | Denuding, bleaching & neutralising tripe | GMPSodium glycerophosphate | Cryoprotectant for starter culture | GMPSodium metabisulphite | Dough conditioner | 60Removal of excess chlorine | 60Softening of corn kernels for starch manufacture | 60 (in the starch)Treatment of hides for use in gelatine and collagen manufacture | GMPSodium sulphide | Treatment of hides for use in gelatine and collagen manufacture | GMPSodium sulphite | Dough conditioner | 60Sodium thiocyanate | Reduce and/or inhibit bacterial population on meat surfaces | GMPStearyl alcohol | Coating agent on meat carcasses and primal cuts to prevent desiccation | GMPSubtilisin (EC 3.4.21.62) sourced from Bacillus licheniformis containing the gene for subtilisin from Pyrococcus furiosus | For use in the production of potable alcohol. | GMPSubtilisin (EC 3.4.21.62) sourced from Bacillus subtilis containing the gene for subtilisin from Bacillus clausii | For use in hydrolysing proteins in foods containing proteins. | GMPSucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) sourced from Escherichia coli BL21 containing the gene for sucrose synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana | For the conversion of purified stevia leaf extract to produce rebaudioside M | GMPSucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) sourced from Escherichia coli K-12 containing the gene for sucrose synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana | For the conversion of purified stevia leaf extract to produce one or more of the following: rebaudioside D, rebaudioside M; and rebaudioside AM | GMPSucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) sourced from Escherichia coli K-12 containing the gene for sucrose synthase from Glycine max | For the conversion of purified stevia leaf extract to produce one or more of the following: rebaudioside I and rebaudioside M | GMPSulphonate agarose ion exchange resin | Production of lactoferrin from bovine milk and milk-related products | GMPSulphur dioxide | Control of nitrosodimethylamine in malting | 750Treatment of hides for use in gelatine and collagen manufacture | 750Sulphurous acid | Softening of corn kernels | GMPTreatment of hides for use in gelatine and collagen manufacture | GMPThermolysin (EC 3.4.24.27) sourced from Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus RokkoFor protein hydrolysis during:(a) beer brewing; and(b) the manufacture and/or processing of the following types of food:(i) dairy;(ii) eggs;(iii) meat;(iv) fish;(v) protein concentrates and isolates; and(vi) yeast.GMPThermolysin (EC 3.4.24.27) sourced from Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus strain TP-7 | To catalyse the hydrolysis of peptide bonds during the manufacture and/or processing of the following types of food: dairy; egg; meat; fish; protein; yeast; and flavouring | GMPThermomycolin (EC 3.4.21.65) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the thermomycolin gene from Malbranchea cinnamomea | To catalyse the hydrolysis of peptide bonds during the manufacture and/or processing of the following types of food: meat products; vegetable products; and seafood products. | GMPTransglutaminase (EC 2.3.2.13) sourced from Bacillus licheniformis containing the transglutaminase gene from Streptomyces mobaraensis | For use in brewing; and in the manufacture and/or processing of the following types of food: bakery and other cereal-based products, including pasta and noodles; cheese; meat products; fish products; fermented dairy products; egg substitutes; dairy analogues; meat analogues; and fish analogues | GMPTriethanolamine | Solubilising agent for coating mixtures for fruits | GMPUrea | Manufacture of concentrated gelatine solutions | 1.5 times the mass of the gelatine presentMicrobial nutrient and microbial nutrient adjunct for the manufacture of all foods, except alcoholic beverages | GMPUridine diphosphate (UDP) glucosyltransferases sourced from Escherichia coli BL21 containing the UDP glucosyltransferase gene from Stevia rebaudiana | For the conversion of purified stevia leaf extract to produce rebaudioside M | GMPUridine diphosphate (UDP) glucosyltransferase sourced from Escherichia coli K-12 containing the UDP glucosyltransferase gene from Oryza sativa | For the conversion of purified stevia leaf extract to produce rebaudioside M | GMPUridine diphosphate (UDP) glucosyltransferase sourced from Escherichia coli K-12 containing the UDP glucosyltransferase gene from Solanum lycopersicum | For the conversion of purified stevia leaf extract to produce one or more of the following: rebaudioside D, rebaudioside M; and rebaudioside AM | GMPUridine diphosphate (UDP) glucosyltransferase sourced from Escherichia coli K-12 containing the UDP glucosyltransferase gene from Stevia rebaudiana | For the conversion of purified stevia leaf extract to produce one or more of the following: rebaudioside D, rebaudioside M; and rebaudioside AM | GMPUridine triphosphate (UTP)-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.9) sourced from Escherichia coli K-12, containing the gene for UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase from Bifidobacterium bifidum | For the conversion of purified stevia leaf extract to produce one or more of the following: rebaudioside I and rebaudioside M | GMPWoodflour from untreated Pinus radiata | Gripping agent used in the treatment of hides | GMPS18—10 Permission to use dimethyl dicarbonate as microbial control agentFor section 1.3.3—12, the foods and maximum permitted addition levels are:Permission to use dimethyl dicarbonate as microbial control agent (section 1.3.3—12)Food | Maximum permitted addition levelAny of the following: | 250 mg/kg(a) fruit juice;(b) vegetable juice;(c) fruit juice product;(d) vegetable juice product.Water based flavoured drinks | 250 mg/kgFormulated beverages | 250 mg/kgAny of the following: | 200 mg/kg(a) wine(b) sparkling wine;(c) fortified wine;(d) fruit wine (including cider and perry);(e) vegetable wine;(f) meadS18—11 Permission to use cetylpyridinium chloride as an antimicrobial agentFor section 1.3.3—13, the food, maximum permitted levels and conditions are set out in the table to subsection (3).In this section:Poultry meat means the whole or any part of a poultry carcass which:has skin attached; andis intended for human consumption; andis not, or does not include, offal.Note Subsection 1.1.2—3(2) defines ‘offal’.The table is:Permission to use cetylpyridinium chloride as an antimicrobial agent (section 1.3.3—13)Food | Maximum permitted level (mg/kg) | Conditions of useRaw poultry meat13.4 (in the skin)(1) The concentration of cetylpyridinium chloride in the aqueous wash solution that is applied to the raw poultry meat must not exceed 1% w/v.(2) The raw poultry meat, after being treated with cetylpyridinium chloride, must be rinsed in potable water.____________________Amendment HistoryThe Amendment History provides information about each amendment to the Schedule. The information includes commencement or cessation information for relevant amendments.These amendments are made under section 92 of the Food Standards Australia New Zealand Act 1991 unless otherwise indicated. Amendments do not have a specific date for cessation unless indicated as such.About this compilationThis is compilation No. 54 of Schedule 18 as in force on 16 July 2026 (up to Amendment No. 251). It includes any commenced amendment affecting the compilation to that date.Prepared by Food Standards Australia New Zealand on 16 July 2026.Uncommenced amendments or provisions ceasing to have effectTo assist stakeholders, the effect of any uncommenced amendments or provisions which will cease to have effect, may be reflected in the Schedule as shaded boxed text with the relevant commencement or cessation date. These amendments will be reflected in a compilation registered on the Federal Register of Legislation including or omitting those amendments and provided in the Amendment History once the date is passed.The following abbreviations may be used in the table below:ad = added or inserted am = amendedexp = expired or ceased to have effect rep = repealedrs = repealed and substitutedSchedule 18 was published in the Food Standards Gazette No. FSC96 on 10 April 2015 as part of Amendment 154 (F2015L00452 –- 1 April 2015) and has since been amended as follows:Section affectedA’ment No.FRL registrationGazetteCommencement(Cessation)How affectedDescription of amendmentS18—3161F2016L0012018 Feb 2016FSC10322 Feb 20161 March 2016amCorrection of spelling of tetraethylenepentamine.S18—3168F2017L0041411 April 2017FSC11013 April 201713 April 2017rsOmission of an inadvertent duplication of the entry for ion exchange resin regenerated cellulose, cross-linked and alkylated with epichlorohydrin and propylene oxide and replacement with correct text.S18—4(5)156F2015L012276 Aug 2015FSC986 Aug 20151 March 2016adEntry for chymotrypsin.S18—4(5)156F2015L012286 Aug 2015FSC986 Aug 20151 March 2016adEntry for trypsin.S18—4(5)157F2015L013741 Sept 2015FSC993 Sept 20151 March 2016amEntry for aspergillopepsin I previously included in the Code as part of A1091.S18—4(5)157F2015L013741 Sept 2015FSC993 Sept 20151 March 2016adEntries for endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) and endo-1,4-beta-xylanase, protein engineered variant (EC 3.2.1.8) previously included in the Code as part of A1096.S18—4(5)157F2015L013741 Sept 2015FSC993 Sept 20151 March 2016repEntry for hemicellulase endo-1,4-β-xylanase previously included in the Code as part of A1096.S18—4(5)159F2015L019192 Dec 2015FSC1017 Dec 20151 March 2016rsEntry for asparaginase.S18—4(5)164F2016L0119920 July 2016FSC10621 July 201621 July 2016adEntry for glutaminase.S18—4(5)170F2017L0058323 May 2017FSC11225 May 201725 May 2017adEntry for oryzin.S18—4(5)172F2017L011365 Sept 2017FSC1147 Sept 20177 Sept 2017amEntry for β-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23).S18—9(2)164F2016L0120420 July 2016FSC10621 July 201621 July 2016rsReplace definition of ‘agarose ion exchange resin’ with definitions of ‘amine agarose ion exchange resin’ and sulphonate agarose ion exchange resin’.S18—9(3)163F2016L0078712 May 2016FSC10519 May 201619 May 2016adEntry for Salmonella phage preparation (S16 and FO1a).S18—9(3)164F2016L0120420 July 2016FSC10621 July 201621 July 2016rsReference to agarose ion exchange resin replaced with amine agarose ion exchange resin.S18—9(3)164F2016L0120420 July 2016FSC10621 July 201621 July 2016adEntry for sulphonate agarose ion exchange resin.S18—9(3)168F2017L0041411 April 2017FSC11013 April 201713 April 2017amCorrection of formatting errors for potassium bromate and sodium bromate.S18—9(3)172F2017L011386 Sept 2017FSC1147 Sept 20177 September 2017adEntry for Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) from Bacillus subtilis, containing the gene for Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase isolated from Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktisS18—9(3)174F2017L0138924 Oct 2017FSC11526 Oct 201726 October 2017adEntry for ammonium bisulphite, chitin-glucan, polyvinylimidazole-polyvinylpyrrolidone co-polymers and silver chlorideS18—9(3)176F2018L0003310 Jan 2018FSC11711 Jan 201811 January 2018adEntry for Lipase, triacylglycerol (EC 3.1.1.3) sourced from Candida cylindraceaS18—9(3)176F2018L0003510 Jan 2018FSC11711 Jan 201811 January 2018adEntry for Aqualysin 1 (EC 3.4.21.111) sourced from Bacillus subtilis containing the aqualysin 1 gene from Thermus aquaticusS18—9(3)178F2018L005783 May 2018FSC1193 May 20183 May 2018adEntry for Protein glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.44) sourced from Chryseobacterium proteolyticum strain AE-PGS18—9(3)180F2018L0114821 Aug 2018FSC 12123 Aug 201823 August 2018adEntry for β-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) from Papiliotrema terrestris strain AE-BLC.S18—9(3)180F2018L0114721 Aug 2018FSC 12123 Aug 201823 August 2018adEntry for Endo-1,4-ß-xylanase, protein engineered variant, (EC 3.2.1.8) from Trichoderma reesei, containing the gene for endo-1,4-ß-xylanase isolated from Thermopolyspora flexuosaS18—9(3)181F2018L0144518 Oct 2018FSC 12223 Oct 201823 October 2018adEntry for Thermolysin (EC 3.4.24.27) sourced from Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus strain TP-7S18—9(3)182F2018L0159423 Nov 2018FSC12329 Nov 201829 Nov 2018amCorrections typographical errors, Dimethyldialkylammonium chloride, Technological purpose and Maximum permitted and food level (mg/kg) headingsS18—9(3)183F2019L0003911 Jan 2019FSC12423 Jan 201923 January 2019adEntry for Protein engineered enzymes that: contain both UDP-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) and sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) components; and are sourced from both of the following; a Pichia pastoris strain expressing UGT-A, and a Pichia pastoris strain expressing both UGT-B1 and UGT-B2.S18—9(3)185F2019L0070430 May 2019FSC1266 June 20196 June 2019adEntry for Lipase, triacylglycerol (EC 3.1.1.3) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the gene for lipase, triacylglycerol isolated from Fusarium oxysporumS18—9(3)185F2019L0070930 May 2019FSC1266 June 20196 June 2019adEntry for Lysophospholipase (EC 3.1.1.5) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the gene for lysophospholipase isolated from Aspergillus nishimuraeS18—9(3)185F2019L0071230 May 2019FSC1266 June 20196 June 2019adEntry for β-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) sourced from Bacillus subtilis containing the gene for β-galactosidase isolated from Bifidobacterium bifidum.S18—9(3)186F2019L0099517 July 2019FSC12725 July 201925 July 2019adEntry for Glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3) sourced from Aspergillus niger containing the gene for glucoamylase isolated from Talaromyces emersoniiS18—9(3)187F2019L0113712 May 2020FSC13314 May 2020F2019L0113728 Aug 2019FSC1285 Sep 2019Note: This variation was not correctly published in Gazette FSC12814 May 2020adEntry for Lipase, triacylglycerol (EC 3.1.1.3) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the lipase 3 gene from Aspergillus tubingensisS18—9(3)187F2019L0113728 Aug 2019FSC1285 Sep 20195 September 2019adEntry for Aspergillopepsin I (EC 3.4.23.18) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the gene for aspergillopepsin I isolated from Trichoderma reeseiS18—9(3)187F2019L0113728 Aug 2019FSC1285 Sep 20195 September 2019adEntry for Protein engineered enzyme that: contains both UDP-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) and sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) components; and is sourced from Pichia pastoris strain UGT-A.S18—9(3)188F2019L015694 Dec 2019FSC1295 Dec 20195 December 2019adEntry for Pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41) sourced from Bacillus licheniformis containing the pullulanase gene from Bacillus deramificans.S18—9(3)190F2020L0002515 Jan 2020FSC13117 Jan 202017 January 2020adEntry for α-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the α-glucosidase gene from Aspergillus niger.S18—9(3)191F2020L0015320 Feb 2020FSC 13226 Feb 202026 February 2020adEntry for Sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) sourced from Escherichia coli K-12 containing the gene for sucrose synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana.S18—9(3)191F2020L0015320 Feb 2020FSC 13226 Feb 202026 February 2020adUridine diphosphate (UDP) glucosyltransferase sourced from Escherichia coli K-12 containing the UDP glucosyltransferase gene from Solanum lycopersicumS18—9(3)191F2020L0015320 Feb 2020FSC 13226 Feb 202026 February 2020adUridine diphosphate (UDP) glucosyltransferase sourced from Escherichia coli K-12 containing the UDP glucosyltransferase gene from Stevia rebaudianaS18—9(3)191F2020L00151 Feb 2020FSC 13226 Feb 202026 February 2020adInulinase (EC 3.2.1.7) sourced from Aspergillus oryzae containing the inulinase gene from Aspergillus ficuumS18—9(3)192F2020L0056812 May 2020FSC13314 May 202014 May 2020adEntry for Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the endo-1,4-beta-xylanase gene from Aspergillus nigerS18—9(3)192F2020L0057012 May 2020FSC13314 May 202014 May 2020adEntry for Glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the glucose oxidase gene from Penicillium amagasakienseS18—9(3)193F2020L0093723 July 2020FSC13428 July 202028 July 2020adEntry for Protein engineered enzyme that: contains both UDP-glucosyltransferase and sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) components; and is sourced from Pichia pastoris strain UGT-A.S18—9(3)195F2020L0111131 August 2020FSC1363 Sept 20203 September 2020adEntry for Glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3) sourced from Aspergillus niger containing the glucoamylase gene from Trametes cingulataS18—9(3)195F2020L0111331 August 2020FSC1363 Sept 20203 September 2020adα-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) sourced from Aspergillus niger containing the α-Amylase gene from Rhizomucor pusillusS18—9(3)196F2020L015161 Dec 2020FSC1373 Dec 20203 December 2020adGlucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the glucoamylase gene from Trichoderma reeseiS18—9(3)196F2020L015221 Dec 2020FSC1373 Dec 20203 December 2020adα-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the α-Amylase gene from Aspergillus kawachiiS18—9(3)200F2021L006711 June 2021FSC1413 June 20213 June 2021adβ-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) sourced from soybean (Glycine max)S18—9(3)200F2021L006842 June 2021FSC1413 June 20213 June 2021repOmit (EC 2.4.1.17) whenever occuringS18—9(3)201F2021L0098414 July 2021FSC14222 July 202122 July 2021adSubtilisin (EC 3.4.21.62) sourced from Bacillus licheniformis containing the gene for subtilisin from Pyrococcus furiosusS18—9(3)202F2021L0118124 August 2021FSC14326 August 202126 August 2021adMaltogenic α-amylase, protein engineered variant, (EC 3.2.1.133) sourced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing the gene from Geobacillus stearothermophilus.S18—9(3)202F2021L0118124 August 2021FSC14326 August 202126 August 2021adNote included on enzyme sources and related standards.S18—9(3)203F2021L0143614 October 2021FSC 14421 October 202121 October 2021adβ-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) sourced from Bacillus subtilis containing the β-galactosidase gene from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricusS18—9(3)205F2022L0003918 January 2022FSC 14620 January 202220 January 2022adMaltogenic α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.133) sourced from Bacillus licheniformis containing the gene for maltogenic α-amylase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus.S18—4(5)208F2022L0072227 May 2022FSC 14820 June 20221 June 2022repβ-Fructofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.26)S18—9(3)208F2022L0072327 May 2022FSC 1481 June 20221June 2022adMaltogenic α-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.133) sourced from Escherichia coli containing the maltogenic α-Amylase gene from Geobacillus stearothermophilus S18—11211F2022L0112526 August 2022FSC1511 Sept 20221 September 2022adCetylpyridinium chloride as an anti-microbial agentS18—9(3)213F2022L0138524 October 2022FSC15327 October 202227 October 2022adThermomycolin (EC 3.4.21.65) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the thermomycolin gene from Malbranchea cinnamomeaS18—9(3)213F2022L0140026 October 2022FSC15327 October 202227 October 2022adChymosin (EC 3.4.23.4) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the chymosin gene from Bos taurusS18—9(3)214F2022L015908 Dec 2022FSC1548 Dec 20228 December 2022adPolygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) sourced from Aspergillus oryzae containing the polygalacturonase gene from Aspergillus tubingensisS18—9(3)214F2022L015938 Dec 2022FSC1548 Dec 20228 December 2022adPectinesterase (EC 3.1.1.11) sourced from Aspergillus oryzae containing the pectinesterase gene from Aspergillus tubingensisS18—9(3)214F2022L015928 Dec 2022FSC1548 Dec 20228 December 2022adPhospholipase A1 (EC 3.1.1.32) sourced from Aspergillus oryzae containing the phospholipase A1 gene from Valsaria rubricosaS18—9(3)214F2022L015888 Dec 2022FSC1548 Dec 20228 December 2022adGlucoamylase, protein engineered variant, (EC 3.2.1.3) sourced from Aspergillus niger containing the glucoamylase gene from Gloeophyllum trabeumS18—9(3)214F2022L015888 Dec 2022FSC1548 Dec 20228 December 2022adInsert, Glucoamylase, protein engineered variant; to note after table.S18—9(3)215F2023L0003111 January 2023FSC15516 January 202316 January 2023adα-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) sourced from Bacillus licheniformis containing the α-amylase gene from Cytophaga speciesS18—9(3)216F2023L001862 March 2023FSC1562 March 20232 March 2023adβ-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) sourced from Bacillus licheniformis containing the β-amylase gene from Priestia flexa (basionym Bacillus flexus)S18—9(3)216F2023L0014324 Feb 2023FSC1562 March 20232 March 2023adPhospholipase A1 (EC 3.1.1.32) sourced from Aspergillus niger containing the phospholipase A1 gene from Evansstolkia leycettana (basionym Talaromyces leycettanus)S18—9(3)216F2023L0014724 Feb 2023FSC1562 March 20232 March 2023adGlucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) sourced from Penicillium rubensS18—9(3)217F2023L0044918 April 2023FSC15721 April 202321 April 2023adGlucoamylase, protein engineered variant, (EC 3.2.1.3) sourced from Aspergillus niger containing the glucoamylase gene from Penicillium oxalicumS18—9(3)219F2023L0056523 May 2023FSC15926 May 202326 May 2023adα-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) sourced from Bacillus subtilis containing the α-amylase gene from Thermoactinomyces vulgarisS18—9(4)2220F2023L0100411 July 2023FSC16019 July 202319 July 2023rsRepeal and substitute note 3S18—9(3)220F2023L0100411 July 2023FSC16019 July 202319 July 2023rsRepeal and substitute column 2 in TableS18—9(3221F2023L0112429 Aug 2023FSC1611 Sept 20231 September 2023adα-Arabinofuranosidase (EC3.2.1.55) sourced from Trichodermareesei containing the αarabinofuranosidase gene from Talaromyces pinophilusS18—9(3)221F2023L0112028 Aug 2023FSC1611 Sept 20231 September 2023adEndo-1,4-beta-xylanase (EC3.2.1.8) sourced from Trichodermareesei containing the endo-1,4-beta-xylanase gene from TalaromycesleycettanusS18—9(3)221F2023L0112128 Aug 2023FSC1611 Sept 20231 September 2023adCarboxypeptidase (EC 3.4.16.6)sourced from Aspergillus oryzaecontaining the carboxypeptidasegene from Aspergillus oryzaeS18—9(3)222F2023L0140220 October 2023FSC16230 October 202330 October 2023rsRepeal and substitute S18-9(3) entry for α-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the α glucosidase gene from Aspergillus nigerS18—9(3)223F2023L0155427 Nov 2023FSC16330 Nov 202330 November 2023adEndo-1,4-β-xylanase, protein engineered variant, (EC 3.2.1.8) sourced from Trichoderma reesei, containing the endo-1,4-ß-xylanase gene from Fusarium verticillioidesS18—9(3)225F2024L0007917 January 2024FSC16519 January 202419 January 2024adEntries for the following new enzymes, each with a technological purposes and maximum permitted level;Sucrose synthase, protein engineered variant, (EC 2.4.1.13) sourced from Escherichia coli K-12 containing the gene for sucrose synthase from Glycine maxUridine diphosphate (UDP)- glucosyltransferase, protein engineered variant, sourced from Escherichia coli K-12 containing the UDP-glucosyltransferase gene from Oryza sativaUridine triphosphate (UTP)-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, protein engineered variant, (EC 2.7.7.9) sourced from Escherichia coli K-12, containing the gene for UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase from Bifidobacterium bifidumS18—9(3)225F2024L0007817 January 2024FSC16519 January 202419 January 2024adInsert new entry Fructan β-fructosidaseS18—9(3)225F2024L0007817 January 2024FSC16519 January 202419 January 2024rsOmit and substitute note after table to protein engineered variants of enzymes listed in the note.S18—9(3)225F2024L0007717 January 2024FSC16519 January 202419 January 2024adPullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41) sourced from Bacillus subtilis containing the pullulanase gene from Bacillus deramificans.S18—9(3)227F2024L0046517 April 2024FSC16729 April 202429 April 2024adCellulase, protein engineered variant, (EC 3.2.1.4) sourced from Aspergillus niger containing the cellulase gene from Trichoderma reeseiS18—9(3)227F2024L0046818 April 2024FSC16729 April 202429 April 2024adβ-Fructofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.26) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the β-fructofuranosidase gene from Aspergillus nigerS18—9(3)228F2024L0057928 May 2024FSC16831 May 202431 May 2024adTransglutaminase (EC 2.3.2.13) sourced from Bacillus licheniformis containing the transglutaminase gene from Streptomyces mobaraensisS18-9(3)230F2024L0098813 August 2024FSC 17015 August 202415 August 2024adSubtilisin, protein engineered variant, (EC 3.4.21.62) sourced from Bacillus subtilis containing the gene for subtilisin from Bacillus clausiiS18-9(3)230F2024L0098813 August 2024FSC 17015 August 202415 August 2024rsSubstitute note after table to Protein engineered enzymes used in the manufacture of various steviol glycosides;Subtilisin, protein engineered variant.S18—9(3)233F2024L0137728 October 2024FSC17329 October 202429 October 2024adInsert D-psicose 3-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.30) from Microbacterium foliorum into S18—9(3) table.S18—9(3)233F2024L0137828 October 2024FSC17329 October 202429 October 2024adInsert in table Lipase, triacylglycerol, protein engineered variant, (EC 3.1.1.3) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the lipase, triacylglycerol gene from Thermomyces lanuginosusS18—9(3)233F2024L0137828 October 2024FSC17329 October 202429 October 2024rsOmit dot point list after table identifying protein engineered enzymes and substitute.S18—8234F2025L000128 January 2025FSC 17413 January 202513 January 2025adInsert 2-Methyloxolane into tableS18—9(3)234F2025L000148 January 2025FSC 17413 January 202513 January 2025adInsert Glucoamylase, protein engineered variant, (EC 3.2.1.3) sourced from Aspergillus niger containing the glucoamylase gene from Gloeophyllum sepiariumS18—9(3)236F2025L0052124 April 2025FSC 17629 April 202529 April 2025adInsert fructosyltransferase, immobilised, (EC 2.4.1.9) derived from Aspergillus oryzaeS18—9(3)236F2025L0052224 April 2025FSC 17629 April 202529 April 2025adInsert lipase, triacylglycerol (EC 3.1.1.3) sourced from Komagataella phaffii containing the lipase, triacylglycerol gene from Fusarium oxysporumS18—9(3)240F2025L0086022 July 2025FSC 18022 July 202522 July 2025adInsert Prolyl oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26) sourced from Trichoderma reesei containing the prolyl oligopeptidase gene from Aspergillus nigerS18—4(2) (Note 3)243F2025L0098826 August 2025FSC1832 Sept 20252 September 2025repRepeal note 3S18—4(5)243F2025L0098826 August 2025FSC1832 Sept 20252 September 2025repRepeal protein engineered variant (wherever occurring)S18—9(3)243F2025L0098826 August 2025FSC1832 Sept 20252 September 2025repRepeal protein engineered variant (wherever occurring)S18—9(3)243F2025L0098826 August 2025FSC1832 Sept 20252 September 2025rsReplace Protein engineered enzyme with EnzymeS18—9(3)243F2025L0098826 August 2025FSC1832 Sept 20252 September 2025rsReplace Protein engineered enzymes with EnzymesS18—9(3) (Note)243F2025L0098826 August 2025FSC1832 Sept 20252 September 2025repRepeal the noteS18—9(3)245F2025L0125821 October 2025FSC18528 October 202528 October 2025adNew entry for Sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13)S18—9(3)245F2025L0125821 October 2025FSC18528 October 202528 October 2025adNew entry for Uridine diphosphate (UDP) glucosyltransferasesS18—9(3)246F2025L014682 December 2025FSC1864 December 20254 December 2025adNew entry for Thermolysin (EC 3.4.24.27)S18—9(3)248F2026L0012820 February 2026FSC18826 February 202626 February 2026adNew entry for Aminopeptidase Y (EC 3.4.11.15)S18—9(3)248F2026L0013023 February 2026FSC18826 February 202626 February 2026adNew entry for Phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.3)S18—9(3)248F2026L0013223 February 2026FSC18826 February 202626 February 2026adNew entry for Phosphoinositide phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.11)S18—9(3)249F2026L0048130 April 2026FSC 18930 April 202630 April 2026amCorrected the enzyme name by removal of hyphens, in the cell listing: Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucosyltransferase sourced from Escherichia coli K-12 containing the UDP-glucosyltransferase gene from Oryza sativaS18—9(3)251F2026L009388 July 2026FSC 19116 July 202616 July 2026amNew entry for endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8)S18—9(3)251F2026L0093910 July 2026FSC 19116 July 202616 July 2026amNew entry for -amylase (EC 3.2.1.1)